ATLANTA – A government panel has recommended vaccination especially for smokers, for the very first time. The panel decided that, smokers under 65 should get pneumococcal vaccine.

The shot is already recommended for adults aged 65 or older and provides protection against pneumonia, meningitis and other illnesses.

Studies have already proven that smokers higher degree than nonsmokers to suffer pneumococcal disease. Also, the number of cigarettes someone smokes each day is directly proportional to odds of developing illnesses.

The reason for, why smokers are highly susceptible is not exactly known. But some scientists believe, because smoking cause damage to lung which provide bacteria an atmosphere to attack lungs and trachea (windpipe).

Pneumococcal infections are top killer among vaccine-preventable diseases. It’s an advanced complication of influenza, specifically in the elderly. It is also responsible for, around 36,000 deaths per year.

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Staph infections are also known as staphyloccal infections. A staph infection is considered a common problem that can occur on almost any spot on the body. A staph infection can occur if some specific bacteria sit on the body and then enter in the body through a wound or an open cut. Different skin health articles (on different websites) have an ample amount of information about staph and there you can also find skin infections pictures with thorough discussion.

Staphyloccal or staph infections can also occur to touch something that has become toxic because of the bacteria or if you use or share clothes, towels, or bed linens of a person who already suffering from a staph infection, there chances that you may also develop the infection.

When staph infections occur on some common areas of body (the hair follicles), they make a white whitehead. In some people, they erupt into a boil. It can happen any where hair follicles exist including areas like the bum, inner thighs, face and armpits. If it is a boil, it may prove more uncomfortable than a whitehead.

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According to the English researchers they have discovered a new bacterium that contributes to tooth decay and gum disease.

The new bug called “Prevotella histicola” is being considered a brand new species of bacteria that like hundreds of other bacteria thrives in human mouth.

There are millions of bacteria in every milliliter of saliva and more than half of them are unknown.

This new finding may prove quite helpful for the scientists to understand those changes in bacterial activity that becomes the cause of mouth problems.

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A contagious upper respiratory track sickness caused by bacteria is known as diphtheria. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is an aerobic, gram +ve bacteria which cause diphtheria. It is a transmittable disease disperses by instant physical contact or breathing the aerosolized secretions of effected individuals.

One most common form of diphtheria has largely been eradicated in developed countries through vaccination. It chiefly attacks the nose and throat. Children under 5 and elderly over 60 are particularly at high risk of the infection. In the past years, diphtheria can be mistaken for a bad sore throat. People living dense populated or unclean conditions, and children and adults who don’t have up-to-date immunizations are also at risk. Diphtheria is highly contagious.

Diphtheria is a bacterial transmission disease that spreads rapidly and occurs swiftly. Once infected, lethal substances generated by the bacteria can travel through your bloodstream to other organs, such as the heart, kidneys, brain etc and may cause considerable damage. The most known complication of diphtheria is inflammation of the cardiac muscles. Central nervous system is also frequently and highly affected which may result in temporary paralysis. If diphtheria prolonged or treated improperly, the bacteria start to produce a potent toxin that often causes serious, life threatening complications.

Symptoms of Diphtheria

Symptoms include fatigue, fever, a mild tender throat and problems in swallowing. Adverse effects of the diphtheria toxin include cardiomyopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Infected children have symptoms that include nausea, vomiting, chills, and a high fever. Sometime few patients do not show symptoms until the infection has progressed in its advance stage. These conditions are related to a higher risk of death. The patient may suffer more widespread symptoms, such as lethargy, paleness, and increased heart beat rate. These symptoms are caused due to the toxin released by the bacterium. The cutaneous form of diphtheria occurs normally in the presence of preexisting skin disease.

The disease may not harm, but in some most serious cases lymph nodes in the neck may swell, and make breathing and swallowing so hard.

Prevention of Diphtheria

Immunization for diphtheria has become part of child care for decades. This is the “D” in the “DPT” shots. Immunization of all infants and booster doses throughout life will prevent any revival of diphtheria.

Diphtheria vaccine consists of toxoid, which is a weakened form of the diphtheria toxin. It stimulates the human immune system to make antibodies against the corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin to protect against the disease. The immunity reduces with the passage of time so that a booster dose is needed after every ten years.

The toxoid available in two strengths, children younger than seven needs the high dose to develop immunity, above seven should get the low dose as it has fewer side effects and is strong enough to boost immunity.

Treatment of Diphtheria

If diphtheria is once diagnosed, diphtheria antitoxin is administered (either intravenously or by intramuscular injection). The antitoxin prevents damage caused by the bacterial toxin to the vital organs of body. Treatment of diphtheria starts with antitoxin although it is a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are given to prevent spread and treat the infection in second step.

Hospitalization is mostly required, as intravenous fluids, additional oxygen, bed rest, and careful monitoring of cardiac function are often necessary.

If the membrane of back part of the throat obstructs breathing, a tube gets passed through the mouth or nose. It happens only in very serious cases, where a tracheostomy (insertion of a breathing tube through a surgical opening in the throat) may be needed.

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“Cupron” provides an easy and more economical way to women and men who want to reduce the appearance of facial wrinkles, fines lines and liver, a new study done by ‘Cupron’ claims that. A four week clinical study shows that the copper ion based pillowcases have emerged as non-invasive alternative to painful cosmetic surgery and collagen injections.

Dr. Gadi Barkow, the chief medical scientist at ‘Cupron’ says that with the “Wrinkle Appearance Reducing Antimicrobial Pillowcases”, it reduces the appearance of the facial wrinkles, crow’s feet and fine lines. The customers who had been sleeping on these pillowcases for four weeks have provided with very positive feedback about these pillow cases.

These copper ion based pillowcases not only carry the cosmetic effects but also promise to protect against odor causing bacteria, fungi and other microbes. So this pillowcase currently brought in market by ‘Cupron’ has not only cosmetic appearance enhancing abilities, but also an ability to deodorize while they are used.

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